Indirect Trauma

The impact of indirect exposure to traumatic events is more commonly called “vicarious trauma” (or secondary trauma) by support professionals. It describes the emotional and psychological impact you can experience from repeated exposure to other people’s traumatic experiences. Even though you’re not the one directly harmed, witnessing trauma through your work can affect you over time.

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Who it might affect

Vicarious trauma is common for those working in policing, but can affect anyone exposed to traumatic stories or images. In policing, it can affect you if your role regularly involves reviewing distressing material, such as child abuse investigations, serious violence cases, domestic abuse work, or reviewing digital evidence and statements.

It can also impact your family members, who may feel the effects indirectly. They might notice changes in your mood, energy, or stress levels, or feel the emotional ripple effects of your work.

Unlike Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which usually follows direct exposure to threat, vicarious trauma develops gradually, building up from repeated exposure to others’ suffering. It can sneak up on you, sometimes before you even realise it’s happening.

Signs and Symptoms of Vicarious Trauma

Cognitive Changes:

  • Increased cynicism or mistrust 
  • Viewing the world as unsafe 
  • Preoccupation with case material or thoughts about incidents described 

Emotional Changes:

  • Emotional numbing 
  • Irritability 
  • Persistent sadness, including worry about risks faced by loved ones 
  • Reduced empathy (as a protective response) 

Behavioural Changes:

  • Social withdrawal 
  • Increased alcohol use 
  • Difficulty switching off after work 
  • Overprotectiveness toward loved ones 

Physical Impact:

  • Sleep disturbance 
  • Chronic fatigue 
  • Headaches 
  • Heightened startle response 

When to Seek Professional Support 

Vicarious trauma can significantly affect your psychological wellbeing, relationships, and occupational functioning. Psychological therapy can help reduce symptoms of vicarious trauma.  

Signs that professional support may be helpful include: 

  • Persistent worldview changes 
  • Emotional numbing affecting relationships 
  • Ongoing sleep disturbance 
  • Increased reliance on alcohol 
  • Feeling detached from your professional identity 
  • Feelings of despair 

Therapies – how we can help you

Read more about research in this area

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